Understanding and quantifying the global methane (CH 4) budget is important for assessing
realistic pathways to mitigate climate change. Atmospheric emissions and concentrations of …

Methane (CH4) is produced in many natural systems that are vulnerable to change under a
warming climate, yet current CH4 budgets, as well as future shifts in CH4 emissions, have …

Short‑lived climate forcers (SLCFs) affect climate and are, in most cases, also air pollutants.
They include aerosols (sulphate, nitrate, ammonium, carbonaceous aerosols, mineral dust …

Global aviation operations contribute to anthropogenic climate change via a complex set of
processes that lead to a net surface warming. Of importance are aviation emissions of …

We document the development of the first version of the UK Earth System Model UKESM1.
The model represents a major advance on its predecessor HadGEM2‐ES, with …

In this article we review the physical and chemical properties of methane (CH 4) relevant to
impacts on climate, ecosystems, and air pollution, and examine the extent to which this is …

Flaring is widely used by the fossil fuel industry to dispose of natural gas. Industry and
governments generally assume that flares remain lit and destroy methane, the predominant …

Carbon dioxide and methane emissions are the two primary anthropogenic climate-forcing
agents and an important source of uncertainty in the global carbon budget. Uncertainties are …

The global methane (CH 4) budget is becoming an increasingly important component for
managing realistic pathways to mitigate climate change. This relevance, due to a shorter …

This chapter addresses the biogeochemical cycles of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4),
and nitrous oxide (N2O). The three greenhouse gases have increased in the atmosphere …