Bidirectional crosstalk along the gut-liver axis controls gastrointestinal health and disease
and exploits environmental and host mediators. Nutrients, microbial antigens, metabolites …

Chronic liver diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or viral hepatitis are
characterized by persistent inflammation and subsequent liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis critically …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the common metabolic diseases in the world. Due
to the rise in morbidity and mortality, it has become a global health problem. To date, T2DM …

The gut and the liver are characterized by mutual interactions between both organs, the
microbiome, diet and other environmental factors. The sum of these interactions is …

Alcohol-associated liver disease is accompanied by intestinal mycobiome dysbiosis, yet the
impacts on liver disease are unclear. We demonstrate that Candida albicans-specific T …

Alcoholism is a widespread and damaging behaviour of people throughout the world. Long-
term alcohol consumption has resulted in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) being the leading …

Recent studies have discovered that tiny particles of microplastics (MPs) at the nano-scale
level can enter the body of organisms from the environment, potentially causing metabolic …

Cirrhosis is end-stage liver disease resulting from various etiologies and is a common cause
of death worldwide. The progression from compensated to decompensated cirrhosis to …

Cirrhosis and liver cancer caused by alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) are serious
threats to people's health. In addition to hepatic cell apoptosis and liver inflammation caused …

Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of innate immune cells and key cellular
components of the liver. Hepatic macrophages consist of embryologically-derived resident …