Today, bio-medical efforts are entering the subcellular level, which is witnessed with the fast-
developing fields of nanomedicine, nanodiagnostics and nanotherapy in conjunction with …

The development of targeted medicine has greatly expanded treatment options and spurred
new research avenues in cancer therapeutics, with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) emerging …

Monoclonal antibodies have revolutionized cancer therapy. However, delivery to tumor cells
in vivo is hampered by the large size (150 kDa) of conventional antibodies. The minimal …

Highlights•Nanobodies (Nbs) are camelid-derived single-domain antibodies.•Nbs have
powerful binding and inhibitory capacity with great therapeutic potential.•Nbs are used in …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly being recognized as candidate drug delivery
systems due to their ability to functionally transfer biological cargo between cells. However …

Antibody‐based cancer therapy, one of the most significant therapeutic strategies, has
achieved considerable success and progress over the past decades. Nevertheless …

Nanobodies are the recombinant variable domains of heavy-chain-only antibodies, with
many unique properties such as small size, excellent solubility, superior stability, quick …

Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are attractive candidate drug delivery systems due
to their ability to functionally transport biological cargo to recipient cells. However, the …

In spite of the successful use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in clinic for tumor treatment,
their applications are still hampered in therapeutic development due to limitations, such as …

The development of tumor-targeted therapies using monoclonal antibodies has been
successful during the last 30 years. Nevertheless, the efficacy of antibody-based therapy is …