A large scholarship currently holds that before the onset of anthropogenic global warming,
natural climatic changes long provoked subsistence crises and, occasionally, civilizational …

Recent decades have seen the rapid expansion of scholarship that identifies societal
responses to past climatic fluctuations. This fast-changing scholarship, which was recently …

Records of past societies confronted with natural climate change can illuminate social
responses to environmental stress and environment-disease connections, especially when …

Climate variability and natural hazards like floods and earthquakes can act as
environmental shocks or socioecological stressors leading to instability and suffering …

Linked to major volcanic eruptions around 536 and 540 CE, the onset of the Late Antique
Little Ice Age has been described as the coldest period of the past two millennia. The exact …

Temperature variability likely played an important role in determining the spread and
productive potential of North America's key prehispanic agricultural staple, maize. The …

Non-technical summary Cities in the distant past–as documented by archaeologists and
historians–provide an extensive record of urban successes and failures, yet this information …

Climate change poses an existential threat to multiple dimensions of culture and heritage.
Human induced climate change is already producing weather and climate extremes in every …

Vegetation dynamics play a crucial role in understanding the complex interactions between
climate variability, ecosystem changes and human land use. In this study, we use the …

What impact did the Roman Climate Optimum (RCO) and the Late Antique Little Ice Age
(LALIA) have on the rise and fall of the Roman Empire? Our article presents an agent-based …