Sea-level variations spread over a very broad spectrum of spatial and temporal scales as a
result of complex processes occurring in the Earth System in response to natural variability …

Climate tipping points occur when change in a part of the climate system becomes self-
perpetuating beyond a warming threshold, leading to substantial Earth system impacts …

Thwaites Glacier represents 15% of the ice discharge from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and
influences a wider catchment,–. Because it is grounded below sea level,, Thwaites Glacier is …

Understanding the recent history of Thwaites Glacier, and the processes controlling its
ongoing retreat, is key to projecting Antarctic contributions to future sea-level rise. Of …

This study presents a comprehensive review of the development and progression of
autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) in polar regions, aiming to synthesize past …

Thwaites Glacier is one of the fastest-changing ice–ocean systems in Antarctica 1, 2, 3.
Much of the ice sheet within the catchment of Thwaites Glacier is grounded below sea level …

Satellite‐based estimates of ice shelf melt rates reach 200 m close to the grounding line of
Pine Island Glacier, in West Antarctica. However, ocean simulations have not yet been able …

Today, relatively warm Circumpolar Deep Water is melting Thwaites Glacier at the base of its
ice shelf and at the grounding zone, contributing to significant ice retreat. Accelerating ice …

Accelerating ice loss from Thwaites Glacier is contributing approximately 5% of global sea‐
level rise, and could add tens of centimeters to sea level over the coming centuries. We use …

The Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf buttresses a significant portion of Thwaites Glacier through
contact with a pinning point 40 km offshore of the present grounding line. Predicting future …