Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in aged
individuals. Recent advances have highlighted the essential role of immune processes in …

The retina is an immune privileged tissue, which is protected from external and internal
insults by its blood-retina barriers and immune suppressive microenvironment. Apart from …

PURPOSE: To characterize reticular pseudodrusen, a potential risk factor for late age-
related macular degeneration. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational case series …

Purpose: To characterize the known appearance of cuticular drusen, subretinal drusenoid
deposits (reticular pseudodrusen), and soft drusen as revealed by multimodal fundus …

Background Drusen are extracellular lesions characteristic of aging and age-related
maculopathy, a major retinal disease of the elderly. We determined the relative proportions …

Atrophic age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is associated with the subretinal
accumulation of mononuclear phagocytes (MPs). Their role in promoting or inhibiting retinal …

Unlike in the healthy mammalian retina, macrophages in retinal degenerative states are not
solely comprised of microglia but may include monocyte-derived recruits. Recent studies …

Inflammation protects from dangerous stimuli, restoring normal tissue homeostasis.
Inflammatory response in the nervous system (“neuroinflammation”) has distinct features …

The largest risk factor for age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is advanced age. A
prominent age-related change in the human retina is the accumulation of histochemically …

Purpose.: Drusen, which are defined clinically as yellowish white spots in the outer retina,
are cardinal features of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Ccl2-knockout (Ccl2−/−) …