Exosomes are a subtype of membrane-contained vesicles 40–200 nm in diameter that are
secreted by cells into their surroundings. By transporting proteins, lipids, mRNA, miRNA …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the main form of dementia, and is a major public health
problem. Despite intensive research efforts, current treatments have only marginal …

Here we review the genetic causes and risks for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Early work
identified mutations in three genes that cause AD: APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2. Although …

CD4+ T lymphocytes are the principal target of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but
infected macrophages also contribute to viral pathogenesis. The killing of infected cells by …

Clathrin is considered the prototype vesicle coat protein whose self-assembly mediates
sorting of membrane cargo and recruitment of lipid modifiers. Detailed knowledge of clathrin …

T cells constitute a crucial arm of the adaptive immune system and their optimal function is
required for a healthy immune response. After the initial step of T cell-receptor (TCR) …

Dynamic localization of receptors and signaling molecules at the plasma membrane and
within intracellular vesicular compartments is crucial for T lymphocyte sensing …

During antigen‐specific T‐cell activation, mitochondria mobilize towards the vicinity of the
immune synapse. We show here that the mitochondrial fission factor dynamin‐related …

A new class of antibody-functionalized, semi-flexible and filamentous polymers (diameter 5–
10 nm, length∼ 200 nm) with a controlled persistence length, a high degree of …

T cell receptor (TCR) and B cell receptor (BCR) stimulation by antigen presented on an
antigen-presenting cell (APC) induces the formation of the immune synapse (IS), the …