Upon exhaustive research, the transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) has appeared as a
potential, well-accepted, and popular approach to a novel drug delivery system. Ease of …

The skin is the outermost barrier of the organism that ensures protection from external harm.
Lately, our view of the skin has evolved from an inert mechanical barrier to an active organ …

The epidermis is a living, multilayered barrier with five functional levels, including a physical,
a chemical, a microbial, a neuronal, and an immune level. Altogether, this complex organ …

Background Air pollution is killing close to 5 million people a year, and harming billions
more. Air pollution levels remain extremely high in many parts of the world, and air pollution …

Although, drugs are required in the various skin compartments such as viable epidermis,
dermis, or hair follicles, to efficiently treat skin diseases, drug delivery into and across the …

The skin barrier is broadly composed of two elements—a physical barrier mostly localised in
the epidermis, and an immune barrier localised in both the dermis and epidermis. These two …

The skin barrier is an important shield regulating the outside‐in as well as inside‐out
penetration of water, nutrients, ions and environmental stimuli. We can distinguish four …

Although superficial wounds are often easy to treat for healthy individuals, there are some
more severe types of wounds (burns, ulcers, diabetic wounds, etc.) that are a challenge for …

Recent years have witnessed an emergence of interest in understanding metabolic changes
associated with immune responses, termed immunometabolism. As oxygen is central to all …

INTRODUCTION Obesity and its associated complications are serious global concerns.
Despite growing public health initiatives, obesity rates continue to rise. Thus, there is a …