Global trends in HIV infection demonstrate an overall increase in HIV prevalence and
substantial declines in AIDS related deaths largely attributable to the survival benefits of …

Human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted virus infecting mucosal or
cutaneous stratified epithelia, is implicated in the rising of associated cancers worldwide …

Elevated inflammation in the female genital tract is associated with increased HIV risk.
Cervicovaginal bacteria modulate genital inflammation; however, their role in HIV …

Antiretroviral-based strategies for HIV prevention have shown inconsistent results in women.
We investigated whether vaginal microbiota modulated tenofovir gel microbicide efficacy in …

Colonization by Lactobacillus in the female genital tract is thought to be critical for
maintaining genital health. However, little is known about how genital microbiota influence …

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal dysbiosis to affect women globally, yet
an unacceptably high proportion of women experience BV recurrence within 6 months of …

Introduction HIV is a unique sexually transmitted infection (STI) that is greatly affected by
other concomitant “classical” bacterial and viral STI s that cause genital ulcers and/or …

Background Understanding the absolute and relative risk of human immunodeficiency virus
type 1 (HIV) acquisition during pregnancy and the postpartum period can inform HIV …

Abstract Purpose of Review This review will outline the multilevel effects of biological sex on
HIV acquisition, pathogenesis, treatment response, and prospects for cure. Potential …

Elevated inflammatory cytokines (EMCs) at mucosal surfaces have been associated with
HIV susceptibility, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We characterized the …