How do our brains determine whether something is good or bad? How is this computational
goal implemented in biological systems? Given the critical importance of valence processing …

Optogenetic tools have provided a new way to establish causal relationships between brain
activity and behaviour in health and disease. Although no animal model captures human …

Objective To review the literature on psychological and biological findings on resilience (ie
the successful adaptation and swift recovery after experiencing life adversities) at the level of …

The hypothesis that dopamine is important for reward has been proposed in a number of
forms, each of which has been challenged. Normally, rewarding stimuli such as food, water …

Current treatments for depression are inadequate for many individuals, and progress in
understanding the neurobiology of depression is slow. Several promising hypotheses of …

Addiction is a state of compulsive drug use; despite treatment and other attempts to control
drug taking, addiction tends to persist. Clinical and laboratory observations have converged …

The loss of a loved one is one of the most painful experiences that most of us will ever have
to face in our lives. This book recognises that there is no single solution to the problems of …

The neural circuitry that mediates mood under normal and abnormal conditions remains
incompletely understood. Most attention in the field has focused on hippocampal and frontal …

Hallucinogens (psychedelics) are psychoactive substances that powerfully alter perception,
mood, and a host of cognitive processes. They are considered physiologically safe and do …

The basal ganglia and frontal cortex operate together to execute goal directed behaviors.
This requires not only the execution of motor plans, but also the behaviors that lead to this …