The generalization of fear memories is an adaptive neurobiological process that promotes
survival in complex and dynamic environments. When confronted with a potential threat, an …

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can become a chronic and severely disabling
condition resulting in a reduced quality of life and increased economic burden. The disorder …

Emerging evidence indicates that disruption of the gut microbial community (dysbiosis)
impairs mental health. Germ-free mice and antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis are two …

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), an amino acid, used for various physiological processes for
management and treatment of various ailments related to central nervous system …

This article describes commonly used experimental and clinical biomarkers of neuronal
injury and neurodegeneration for the evaluation of neuropathology and monitoring of …

The neuropeptide Y (NPY) system is emerging as a promising therapeutic target for
neuropsychiatric disorders by intranasal delivery to the brain. However, the vast majority of …

The gut microbiota is an essential regulator of many aspects of host physiology. Disruption
of gut microbial communities affects gut-brain communication which ultimately can manifest …

Resilience to traumatic stress is a complex psychobiological process that protects
individuals from developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or other untoward …

Survival in a natural environment forces an individual into constantly adapting purposive
behavior. Specified interoceptive neurons monitor metabolic and physiological balance and …

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma-evoked syndrome, with variable
prevalence within the human population due to individual differences in coping and …