This review encompasses the most important advances in liver functions and hepatotoxicity
and analyzes which mechanisms can be studied in vitro. In a complex architecture of nested …

The human breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, gene symbol ABCG2) is an ATP-
binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporter. It was so named because it was initially cloned …

Introduction: Physiological pH and chemical pKa are two sides of the same coin in defining
the ionization of a drug in the human body. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and pH …

Pharmacokinetics (PK) is the study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
(ADME) processes of a drug. Understanding PK properties is essential for drug development …

The aim of this tutorial is to introduce the concept of physiologically based pharmacokinetic
(PBPK) modeling to individuals in the pharmaceutical industry who may be relatively new to …

The application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling has developed
rapidly within the pharmaceutical industry and is becoming an integral part of drug discovery …

Membrane transporters can be major determinants of the pharmacokinetic, safety and
efficacy profiles of drugs. This presents several key questions for drug development …

The permeability of biological membranes is one of the most important determinants of the
pharmacokinetic processes of a drug. Although it is often accepted that many drug …

The importance of membrane transporters for drug pharmacokinetics has been increasingly
recognized during the last decade. Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) …

Organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) family transporters accept a number of drugs
and are increasingly being recognized as important factors in governing drug and …