Color is a ubiquitous perceptual stimulus that is often considered in terms of aesthetics. Here
we review theoretical and empirical work that looks beyond color aesthetics to the link …

Aposematic theory has historically predicted that predators should select for warning signals
to converge on a single form, as a result of frequency‐dependent learning. However …

Throughout their lives animals must complete many tasks, including finding food, avoiding
predators, attracting mates, and navigating through a complex and dynamic environment …

Prey seldom rely on a single type of antipredator defence, often using multiple defences to
avoid predation. In many cases, selection in different contexts may favour the evolution of …

Bioluminescent insects have been the subject of scientific interest and popular wonder for
millennia. But in the 21st century, the fireflies, click beetles, and cave glow-worms that …

Visual signaling in animals can serve many uses, including predator deterrence and mate
attraction. In many cases, signals used to advertise unprofitability to predators are also used …

Species in the suborder Serpentes present a powerful model for understanding processes
involved in visual signal design. Although vision is generally poor in snakes, they are often …

Aposematic coloration is commonly considered to signal unpalatability, yet animals
advertise malodour, spines, and weaponry as well as toxins, some of which can be seen at a …

Antipredator strategies of the pupal stage in insects have received little attention in
comparison to larval or adult stages. This is despite the fact that predation risk can be high …

The question,“Why should prey advertise their presence to predators using warning
coloration?” has been asked for over 150 years. It is now widely acknowledged that …