Many birds and mammals drastically reduce their energy expenditure during times of cold
exposure, food shortage, or drought, by temporarily abandoning euthermia, ie the …

Event stratigraphy is used to help characterise the Anthropocene as a chronostratigraphic
concept, based on analogous deep-time events, for which we provide a novel …

The precise pattern and timing of speciation events that gave rise to all living placental
mammals remain controversial. We provide a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of …

Bats account for one-fifth of mammalian species, are the only mammals with powered flight,
and are among the few animals that echolocate. The insect-eating Brandt's bat (Myotis …

Abstract The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) hyperthermal,~ 56 million years
ago (Ma), is the most dramatic example of abrupt Cenozoic global warming. During the …

Reduction in body size is a major response to climate change, yet evidence in globally
imperiled amphibians is lacking. Shifts in average population body size could indicate either …

Humans now play a major role in altering Earth and its biota. Finding ways to ameliorate
human impacts on biodiversity and to sustain and restore the ecosystem services on which …

Previous analyses of evolutionary patterns, or modes, in fossil lineages have focused
overwhelmingly on three simple models: stasis, random walks, and directional evolution …

Progress toward understanding the dynamics of ancient plant-insect associations has
addressed major patterns in the ecology and evolution of herbivory and pollination. This …

Larger animals studied during ontogeny, across populations, or across species, usually
have lower mass-specific metabolic rates than smaller animals (hypometric scaling). This …