Importance Given its selective action on the ω1 subtype of the γ-aminobutyric acid A
receptor, zolpidem tartrate presents a potential treatment mechanism for other neurologic …

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.
Recent technological advances have illuminated the role of GABAergic neurons in control of …

Objective Zolpidem has been reported to cause temporary recovery of consciousness in
vegetative and minimally conscious patients, but how often and why this occurs are …

Zolpidem has been reported as an “awakening drug” in some patients with disorders of
consciousness (DOC). We here present the results of a prospective open-label study in …

During 15 years, 23 clinical reports and 6 studies have demonstrated associations between
sub-sedative doses of zolpidem and recoveries from brain damage due to strokes, trauma …

Non-communicative brain damaged patients raise important clinical and scientific issues.
Here, we review three major pathological disorders of consciousness: coma, the …

Objective. To study the Zolpidem arousing effect in persistent vegetative state (PVS) patients
combining clinical evaluation, autonomic assessment by heart rate variability (HRV), and …

Survivors of severe brain injuries may end up in a state of 'wakeful unresponsiveness' or in a
minimally conscious state. Pharmacological treatments of patients with disorders of …

We compare and discuss three cases including: a clearly brain-dead patient, a vegetative
state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (VS/UWS) patient and a patient diagnosed as …

Objective: To describes socio-demographic and clinical features of adults and children in
vegetative state (VS) and minimally conscious state (MCS). Design: Observational cross …