Resilience and functionality of European Norway spruce forests are increasingly threatened
by mass outbreaks of the bark beetle Ips typographus promoted by heat, wind throw and …

Fruits and vegetables are an important supplier of biological active substances, such as
vitamins and secondary metabolites (SM) for human nutrition, but also for further industrial …

Pine trees produce large amounts of oleoresin to defend against biotic threats. Resin is
highly costly to produce and investment in its production must be accurately optimized in …

Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a major insect pest for alfalfa which can result in
decreased plant nutrients, low yields, and even plant death. To identify the differentially …

Interspecific phenotypic variation in plant secondary metabolites (PSM) is often explained by
biotic and abiotic factors. However, patterns of variation within species do not clearly fit the …

Forest ecosystems are increasingly challenged by extreme events, for example, drought,
storms, pest attacks, and fungal pathogen outbreaks, causing severe ecological and …

The resource availability hypothesis (RAH) was formulated to disentangle patterns of
variation among species in plant antiherbivore defences. A novel theoretical framework was …

Resin ducts are important anatomical defensive traits related to biotic resistance in conifers.
Previous studies have reported intraspecific genetic variation in resin duct characteristics …

BACKGROUND Symptoms of pine wilt disease (PWD) are caused when pathogenic pine
wood nematodes (PWN) invade healthy host trees via wounds created by adult …

Intra‐specific variation in conifers has been extensively studied with respect to defense
against herbivores and pathogens. While studies have shown the ability of individual or …