Insulin resistance is the pivotal pathogenic component of many metabolic diseases,
including type 2 diabetes mellitus, and is defined as a state of reduced responsiveness of …

Loss of functional β-cell mass is the key mechanism leading to the two main forms of
diabetes mellitus—type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) …

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by inappropriately elevated glucose
levels as a result of impaired pancreatic β cell function and insulin resistance. Extensive …

The deleterious effects of chronically elevated free fatty acid (FFA) levels on glucose
homeostasis are referred to as lipotoxicity, and the concurrent exposure to high glucose may …

Although the function of the mammalian pancreas hinges on complex interactions of distinct
cell types, gene expression profiles have primarily been described with bulk mixtures. Here …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an expanding global health problem, closely linked to
the epidemic of obesity. Individuals with T2DM are at high risk for both microvascular …

Background Plasma insulin levels are predominantly the product of the morphological mass
of insulin producing beta cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans and the functional …

Type 2 diabetes is caused by chronic insulin resistance and progressive decline in beta-cell
function. Optimal beta-cell function and mass is essential for glucose homeostasis and beta …

Context: Diabetes is associated with a deficit of insulin-producing β-cells. Animal studies
show that β-cells become dedifferentiated in diabetes, reverting to a progenitor-like stage …

Beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance are inherently complex with their interrelation for
triggering the pathogenesis of diabetes also somewhat undefined. Both pathogenic states …