Polyandry, or multiple mating by females with different males, is commonplace. One
explanation is that females engage in convenience polyandry, mating multiple times to …

Conflicts of interests between males and females over reproduction is a universal feature of
sexually reproducing organisms and has driven the evolution of intersexual mimicry, mating …

In some species, males use weapons to harm females, increasing their short-term fitness.
Here we show that females can use genital adaptations against males. Females of the …

A major challenge in evolutionary biology concerns how genetic and phenotypic variation is
created and maintained. In this study, we investigated the origin (s) and evolutionary …

Colour polymorphism is an example of visible phenotypic variability that is often associated
with ecological factors and may produce local adaptations. Small populations, particularly in …

Social interactions (eg aggression, mating and parenting) often depend on the social
environment, and recent studies suggest that the adult sex ratio (ASR, the proportion of …

Highlights•Copulation duration is at the core of sexual conflict in damselflies.•A vulvar spine
in females acts as a device to shorten copulation duration.•A depression in male's sperm …

Population structure determines individuals' interactions and trade-offs with evolutionary
consequences. Male-biased populations increase intrasexual competition and intersexual …

We used the mark-recapture method to gather fundamental information on the population
dynamics of Ischnura elegans (Vander Linden,) in an arid region of central Iran. Ischnura …

In Odonates, female colour polymorphism is common and implies the presence of two or
more female types with different colours and behaviours. To explain this phenomenon …