Trace elements produce double-edged effects on the lives of animals and particularly of
humans. On one hand, these elements represent potentially toxic agents; on the other hand …

At least 20 different chromosomal regions have been linked to type 1 diabetes (T1D)
susceptibility in humans, using genome screening, candidate gene testing, and studies of …

Genetic susceptibility to celiac disease is strongly associated with HLA-DQA1* 05-DQB1* 02
(DQ2) and HLA-DQA1* 03-DQB1* 0302 (DQ8). Study of the HLA associations in patients not …

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 6 is associated with
susceptibility to more common diseases than any other region of the human genome …

Some people inherit an unfortunate combination of genetic sequences, such that exposure
to an external trigger causes their immune response to turn on their own tissues. Although …

Rapid advances in molecular biological techniques have made it possible to study disease
pathogenesis at a genomic level. T cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement is an important …

Accumulating evidence indicates that psoriasis is a multifactorial disorder caused by the
concerted action of multiple disease genes in a single individual, triggered by environmental …

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease of granulomatous inflammation and unknown etiology. An
inherited predisposition is involved, and many candidate susceptibility genes have been …

Immunological memory is a hallmark of adaptive immunity, a defense mechanism endowed
to vertebrates during evolution. However, an autoimmune pathogenic role of memory …

Several studies have indicated that multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated and linked to the
major histocompatibility complex (MHC)/human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region of …