Simple and complex carbohydrates (glycans) have long been known to play major
metabolic, structural and physical roles in biological systems. Targeted microbial binding to …

Background The mucins found as components of mucus gel layers at mucosal surfaces
throughout the body play roles in protection as part of the defensive barrier on an organ and …

The interaction between respiratory pathogens and their hosts is complex and incompletely
understood. This is particularly true when pathogens encounter the mucus layer covering …

Human milk (HM) is the golden standard for nutrition of newborn infants. Human milk
oligosaccharides (HMOs) are abundantly present in HM and exert multiple beneficial …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, idiopathic inflammatory set of conditions that
can affect the entire gastrointestinal (GI) tract and is associated with an increased risk of …

Mammalian spermatozoa are coated with a thick glycocalyx that is assembled during sperm
development, maturation, and upon contact with seminal fluid. The sperm glycocalyx is …

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men, claiming over 350,000
lives worldwide annually. Current diagnosis relies on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing …

Glycan alterations are associated with aging, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative
diseases, although the contributions of specific glycan structures to emotion and cognitive …

In this review, we document the evolution of common glycan structures in the eukaryotes,
and illustrate the considerable variety of oligosaccharides existing in these organisms. We …

The glycocalyx of human cells differs from that of many other mammals by the lack of the
sialic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) and increased abundance of its precursor N …