Commercial lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries suffer from low energy density and do not meet the
growing demands of the energy storage market. Therefore, building next-generation …

The goal of limiting global warming to 1.5° C requires a drastic reduction in CO2 emissions
across many sectors of the world economy. Batteries are vital to this endeavor, whether used …

Lithium‐ion batteries play a significant role in modern electronics and electric vehicles.
However, current Li‐ion battery chemistries are unable to satisfy the increasingly heightened …

Nonaqueous lithium–air batteries have garnered considerable research interest over the
past decade due to their extremely high theoretical energy densities and potentially low cost …

A major impediment to Li–O2 battery commercialization is the low discharge capacities
resulting from electronically insulating Li2O2 film growth on carbon electrodes. Redox …

Lithium–air batteries (LABs) have attracted tremendous attention since the proposal of the
LAB concept in 1996 because LABs have a super high theoretical/practical specific energy …

Lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries have been intensively investigated in recent decades for
their utilization in electric vehicles. The intrinsic challenges arising from O2 (electro) …

The rechargeable lithium–air battery has the highest theoretical specific energy of any
rechargeable battery and could transform energy storage if a practical device could be …

Although Li–air rechargeable batteries offer higher energy densities than lithium-ion
batteries, the insulating Li2O2 formed during discharge hinders rapid, efficient re-charging …

The aprotic lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) battery has excited huge interest due to it having the
highest theoretical energy density among the different types of rechargeable battery. The …