Nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous transmitter extensively present in the human body, regulates
vascular relaxation, immune response, inflammation, neurotransmission, and other crucial …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has aroused great research interest in recent years owing to its
high spatiotemporal selectivity, minimal invasiveness, and low systemic toxicity. However …

Hypoxia, a ubiquitously aberrant phenomenon implicated in tumor growth, causes severe
tumor resistance to therapeutic interventions. Instead of the currently prevalent solution …

Phototherapies, mainly including photodynamic and photothermal therapy, have made
considerable strides in the field of cancer treatment. With the aid of phototherapeutic agents …

The high renal oxygen (O2) demand is associated primarily with tubular O2 consumption
(Qo2) necessary for solute reabsorption. Increasing O2 delivery relative to demand via …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a key messenger in the pathogenesis of inflammation, linking innate and
adaptive immunity. By targeting signaling molecules, NO from inducible NO synthase (iNOS) …

NO or its derivatives (reactive nitrogen species: RNS) inhibit mitochondrial respiration in two
different ways:(i) an acute, potent, and reversible inhibition of cytochrome oxidase by NO in …

Carbon monoxide (CO), which is produced endogenously in the breakdown of heme, has
been recognized as an important physiological second messenger similar to NO …

Changes in the intracellular redox environment of cells have been reported to be critical for
the activation of apoptotic enzymes and the progression of programmed cell death …

Heart tissue is remarkably sensitive to oxygen deprivation. Although heart cells, like those of
most tissues, rapidly adapt to anoxic conditions, relatively short periods of ischaemia and …