Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), primarily from human fossil fuel combustion,
reduces ocean pH and causes wholesale shifts in seawater carbonate chemistry. The …

The accumulation of inorganic carbon from seawater by eukaryotic marine phytoplankton is
limited by the diffusion of carbon dioxide (CO2) in water and the dehydration kinetics of …

Ocean ecosystems have responded and will continue to respond to climate changes of
different rates, magnitudes, and durations (virtually certain). Human societies depend on …

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations over the past two centuries have
led to greater CO2 uptake by the oceans. This acidification process has changed the …

The Earth's climate is determined by a number of complex connected physical, chemical and
biological processes occurring in the atmosphere, land and ocean. The radiative properties …

Ocean acidification is an undisputed fact. The ocean presently takes up one-fourth of the
carbon CO2 emitted to the atmosphere from human activities. As this CO2 dissolves in the …

Ocean acidification (OA), a consequence of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, poses
a serious threat to marine organisms in tropical, open-ocean, coastal, deep-sea, and high …

Ocean acidification is rapidly changing the carbonate system of the world oceans. Past mass
extinction events have been linked to ocean acidification, and the current rate of change in …

Ocean acidification in response to rising atmospheric CO2 partial pressures is widely
expected to reduce calcification by marine organisms. From the mid-Mesozoic …

1.1 Background Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the most impor-tant gases in the
atmosphere, affecting the radiative heat balance of the earth as well as the calcium …