nCoV epidemic was firstly reported at late December of 2019 and has caused a global
outbreak of COVID-19 now. Saliva, a biofluid largely generated from salivary glands in oral …

This Viewpoint discusses insights from basic science and clinical perspectives on
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)/severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 …

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 activity has intensified globally since 2021,
increasingly causing mass mortality in wild birds and poultry and incidental infections in …

Influenza A viruses are responsible for seasonal epidemics, and pandemics can arise from
the transmission of novel zoonotic influenza A viruses to humans,. Influenza A viruses …

Current point-of-care lateral flow immunoassays, such as the home pregnancy test, rely on
proteins as detection units (eg antibodies) to sense for analytes. Glycans play a fundamental …

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) circulate globally, spilling over into domestic poultry and
causing zoonotic infections in humans. Fortunately, AIVs are not yet capable of causing …

The innate immune system is the host's first line of immune defence against any invading
pathogen. To establish an infection in a human host the influenza virus must replicate in …

Viruses have a worldwide impact on healthcare and social and economic growth because
they are the largest cause of mortality due to infectious diseases. Furthermore, the long-term …

The persistent evolution of drug-resistant influenza strains represents a global concern. The
innovation of new treatment approaches through drug screening strategies and investigating …

Viral infections lead to the death of more than a million people each year around the world,
both directly and indirectly. Viruses interfere with many cell functions, particularly critical …