In the brain, increases in neural activity drive changes in local blood flow via neurovascular
coupling. The common explanation for increased blood flow (known as functional …

Fiber photometry is a key technique for characterizing brain-behavior relationships in vivo.
Initially, it was primarily used to report calcium dynamics as a proxy for neural activity via …

Genetically encoded indicators engineered from G-protein-coupled receptors are important
tools that enable high-resolution in vivo neuromodulator imaging. Here, we introduce a …

Integration of plasmonic nanostructures with fiber‐optics‐based neural probes enables label‐
free detection of molecular fingerprints via surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) …

Norepinephrine (NE) is a key neurotransmitter in the central and sympathetic nervous
systems, whose content fluctuates dynamically and rapidly in various brain regions during …

The neuromodulator dopamine (DA) is essential for regulating learning, motivation, and
movement. Despite its importance, however, the mechanisms by which DA influences the …

Neurotransmitters act as chemical messengers, determining human physiological and
psychological function, and abnormal levels of neurotransmitters are related to conditions …

Aptamers that undergo conformational changes upon small-molecule recognition have been
shown to gate the ionic flux through nanopores by rearranging the charge density within the …

Almost all physiological processes of animals are controlled by the brain, including
language, cognitive, memory, learning, emotion and so forth. Minor brain dysfunction usually …

Electrochemical methods with tissue-implantable microelectrodes provide an excellent
platform for real-time monitoring the neurochemical dynamics in vivo due to their superior …