I. Executive Summary Background The 5 years since the publication of the first International
Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed …

Endonasal endoscopic sinus surgery is the standard procedure for surgery of most
paranasal sinus diseases. Appropriate frame conditions provided, the respective procedures …

Although the safety of the blood supply has been greatly improved, there still remain both
infectious and noninfectious risks to the patient. The incidence of noninfectious transfusion …

Objective: Nasal surgeries (such as Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery, Rhinoplasty, and
Septorhinoplasty) are popular procedures. But perioperative bleeding, eyelid edema, and …

Background Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is a minimally invasive technique
that is used to treat chronic sinusitis. Small bleeding areas can reduce operative visibility …

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride (DEX) on
hemodynamic parameters and on surgeon and patient satisfaction during functional …

Background Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) has been proposed as a method to reduce
blood loss during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Impaired sinonasal visualization due to …

Background Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) has been used as the standard of
treatment for sinonasal disease in which medical therapy fails to ameliorate the disease …

Materials and Methods: This double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted in 60
patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with polyposis (CRSwP) who underwent FESS. Patients …

Hemostasis is critical for adequate anatomical visualization during endoscopic endonasal
skull base surgery. Reduction of intraoperative bleeding should be considered during the …