Cellular signaling networks are the foundation which determines the fate and function of
cells as they respond to various cues and stimuli. The discovery of fluorescent proteins over …

All life forms have an absolute requirement for metals, as metals play critical roles in
fundamental processes, including osmotic regulation, catalysis, metabolism …

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria and its homologs from
diverse marine animals are widely used as universal genetically encoded fluorescent labels …

The role of the serine/threonine protein kinase B (PKB, also known as Akt) is becoming
increasingly more evident to researchers investigating diverse cellular processes such as …

Protein phosphorylation controls many aspects of cell fate and is often deregulated in
pathological conditions. Several recent findings have provided an intriguing insight into the …

Fluorescent proteins have revolutionized cell biology by allowing researchers to non-
invasively peer into the inner workings of cells and organisms. While the most common …

Hexokinase II (HK-II) is an enzyme that catalyzes the first step in glycolysis and localizes not
only in the cytosol but also at mitochondria. Akt, activated by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF …

Abstract Protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that created serious
interest when it was revealed as a mediator of the PI3K pathway. It comprises three isoforms …

The localization of Bcl-2 family members at the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) is a
crucial step in the implementation of apoptosis. We review evidence showing the role of the …

The protein kinase Akt is one of the primary effectors of growth factor signaling in the cell. Akt
responds specifically to the lipid second messengers phosphatidylinositol-3, 4, 5 …