In the past, the use of endoscopic spine surgery was limited to intervertebral discectomy;
however, it has recently become possible to treat various spinal degenerative diseases …

Many types of surgeries are changing from conventional to minimally invasive techniques.
Techniques in spine surgery have also changed, with endoscopic spine surgery (ESS) …

Study Design: International consensus paper on a unified nomenclature for full-endoscopic
spine surgery. Objectives: Minimally invasive endoscopic spinal procedures have …

Percutaneous endoscopic cervical discectomy (PECD) is an effective minimally invasive
surgery for soft cervical disc herniation in properly selected cases. The current gold standard …

The aging population around the world leads to increasing incidence of degenerative spinal
conditions. There is a need for a minimally invasive technique in treatment for spinal …

The conventional surgical technique for radiculopathy with cervical disc herniation (CDH) is
anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, with a good clinical outcome and fusion rate …

Purpose Cervical radiculopathy is a common disabling cervical spine condition. Open
anterior and posterior approaches are the conventional surgical treatment approaches with …

Objective With the advancement of minimally invasive spine surgery, endoscopic
discectomy (ED) has become a common technique for degenerative disease of the spine …

Introduction Cervical radiculopathy is a common cervical spine condition. There is a paucity
of literature discussing the effect of partial pediculotomy and partial vertebrotomy for …

Objective. To compare the difference in clinical and radiographic outcomes between anterior
transcorporeal and transdiscal percutaneous endoscopic cervical discectomy (ATc …