Decades of efforts in engineering in vitro cancer models have advanced drug discovery and
the insight into cancer biology. However, the establishment of preclinical models that enable …

During the last decade, immunotherapy has radically changed perspectives on anti-tumor
treatments. However, solid tumor treatment by immunotherapy has not met expectations …

Cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) constitute a heterogeneous group of highly malignant
epithelial tumors arising from the biliary tree. This cluster of malignant tumors includes three …

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a type of liver cancer with an aggressive phenotype and
dismal outcome in patients. The metastasis of CCA cancer cells to distant organs, commonly …

Cancer remains a severe public health burden worldwide. One of the challenges hampering
effective cancer therapy is that the existing cancer models hardly recapitulate the tumor …

The uncontrollable migration of cancer cells is one of the reasons for the poor prognosis.
The interaction between collagen and cellular processes is usually dominated by the full …

Introduction Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as a core pillar of cancer
therapy as single agents or in combination regimens both in adults and children …

As extensively distributed tissues throughout the human body, glands play a critical role in
various physiological processes. Therefore, the construction of biomimetic gland models in …

In the past decade, treatments targeting the immune system have revolutionized the cancer
treatment field. Therapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved as first …

In the malignant progression of tumors, there is deposition and cross-linking of collagen, as
well as an increase in hyaluronic acid content, which can lead to an increase in extracellular …