Simple Summary Among all taxa, messages transmitted via chemical signals are the oldest
and most universal. For Asian and African elephants, odors convey information between …

African elephants Loxodonta africana and Asian elephants Elephas maximus are not
thriving in many captive settings and are threatened throughout their native ranges. Many …

Complex social communication is expected to evolve whenever animals engage in many
and varied social interactions; that is, sociality should promote communicative complexity …

Despite the ubiquity of odours in mammals, few studies have documented the natural
olfactory abilities of many 'non-model'species such as the Asian elephant. As Asian …

In conjoining the disciplines of “ethology” and “chemistry” the field of “Ethochemistry” has
been instituted. Ethochemistry is an effective tool in conservation efforts of endangered …

This paper presents data on the success rate of African elephants in human scent matching
to sample performance. Working with equipment and protocols similar to those used in the …

The use of odors is a popular form of sensory enrichment, yet few studies have investigated
the longer lasting effects of biologically relevant chemical signals like pheromones. Asian …

Currently a significant portion of the world’ s elephant population is in captivity, mainly in
Asia. Elephants have a long history of captivity in both Africa and Asia, and have adapted to …

Group-living animals that live in complex social systems require effective modes of
communication to maintain social cohesion, and several acoustic, olfactory and visual …

Behavioural lateralisation has been widely investigated in vertebrates. Most studies in this
area have focused on laterality in paired organs such as hands, limbs, and eyes. Fewer …