Promotion of good mental health, prevention, and early intervention before/at the onset of
mental disorders improve outcomes. However, the range and peak ages at onset for mental …

Just as binge drinking rates differ for men and women, the predictors and consequences of
binge drinking vary by gender as well. This article examines these differences and how …

Background Electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, are battery operated devices that deliver
nicotine via inhaled vapor. There is considerable controversy about the disease risk and …

Background Tobacco smoking is a risk factor for multiple diseases, including cardiovascular
disease and diabetes. Many smoking-associated signals have been detected in the blood …

During the transition to adulthood, many unhealthy behaviors are developed that in turn
shape behaviors, health, and mortality in later life. However, research on unhealthy …

Background Young adults have the highest rates of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use
relative to any other age group. Few studies have examined the co-occurrence of substance …

Nearly all college student smokers also drink alcohol, and smoking and heavy episodic
drinking (HED) commonly co-occur. However, few studies have examined the factors that …

Currently, 8.5% of the US population meets criteria for alcohol use disorders, with a total cost
to the US economy estimated at $234 billion per year. Alcohol and tobacco use share a high …

Cigarette smoking in college is often described as social smoking, but the term lacks
definition and implicitly discounts dependence. We report on college students' use of the …

Introduction Risk behaviors commonly co-occur, typically emerge in adolescence, and
become entrenched by adulthood. This study investigated the clustering of established …