Robust methods to assess nonhuman animal emotion are essential for ensuring good
welfare in captivity. Cognitive bias measures such as the judgment bias task have recently …

The last several decades of research on avian cognition have revealed surprising parallels
between the abilities of birds—most notably corvids—and great apes. Parrots, albeit far less …

Humans, including infants, and many other species have a capacity for rapid, nonverbal
estimation of numerosity. However, the mechanisms for number perception are still not clear; …

The ability to estimate number is widespread throughout the animal kingdom. Based on the
relative close phylogenetic relationship (and thus equivalent brain structures), non-verbal …

The ability to use quantitative information is thought to be adaptive in a wide range of
ecological contexts. For nearly a century, the numerical abilities of mammals and birds have …

Recently, there has been a surge in cognition research using non‐avian reptile systems. As
a diverse group of animals, non‐avian reptiles [turtles, the tuatara, crocodylians, and …

There has long been interest in how the mind represents numerical magnitude, particularly
in the absence of symbols. For humans and nonhuman animals, number represents a core …

Debates have arisen as to whether non-human animals actually can learn abstract non-
symbolic numerousness or whether they always rely on some continuous physical aspect of …

Various vertebrate species use relative numerosity judgements in comparative assessments
of quantities for which they use larger/smaller relationships rather than absolute number …

The ability to utilize numerical information can be adaptive in a number of ecological
contexts including foraging, mating, parental care, and anti-predator strategies. Numerical …