Thyroid hormones (THs) play an obligatory role in many fundamental processes underlying
brain development and maturation. The developing embryo/fetus is dependent on maternal …

The action of thyroid hormones (THs) in the brain is strictly regulated, since these hormones
play a crucial role in the development and physiological functioning of the central nervous …

Psychological stress, an evolutionary adaptation to the fight‐or‐flight response, triggers a
number of physiological responses that can be deleterious under some circumstances …

Stress is defined as the pscyophysiological reaction in which the steady state is disturbed or
threatened. Stress is not always perceived as a negative response. Stress results when …

Owners surrender millions of cats to animal shelters each year for euthanasia. 1
Inappropriate elimination, most commonly associated with urologic signs, was the most …

While many studies have shown a connection between stress and autoimmune disease,
most of the evidence for stress contributing to the onset and course of autoimmune disease …

Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are the most common organ-specific autoimmune
disorders affecting approximately 5% of the overall population. An aberrant interaction …

Methods for studying the avian immune system have matured during the past two decades,
with laboratory studies predominating in earlier years and field studies being conducted only …

In this chapter, we introduce the issues that prompted the production of this report. We then
introduce the concept of animal welfare and briefly summarise the main indicators used to …

Endocrine responses during chronic infections such as lung tuberculosis are poorly
characterized. Hormonal changes are likely to occur since some of the cytokines produced …