Importance Imaging biomarkers in Parkinson disease (PD) are increasingly important for
monitoring progression in clinical trials and also have the potential to improve clinical care …

Emerging concepts suggest that a multitude of pathology ranging from misfolding of alpha-
synuclein to neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neurotransmitter driven …

Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the motor
symptoms of bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity and postural instability. However, non-motor …

Abstract See Schrag and Politis (doi: 10.1093/aww190) for a scientific commentary on this
article. Apathy, which can occur separately or in combination with depression and anxiety, is …

Over the past three decades, neuroimaging studies—including structural, functional and
molecular modalities—have provided invaluable insights into the mechanisms underlying …

The dopamine (DA) precursor l-DOPA has been the most effective treatment for Parkinson's
disease (PD) for over 40 years. However, the response to this treatment changes with …

Post-mortem and neuroimaging studies suggest that the serotonergic system, which
originates from the brainstem raphe nuclei, is disrupted in Parkinson's disease. This could …

Levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) are the most common and disabling adverse motor
effect of therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. In this study, we investigated …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects
elderly people and constitutes a major source of disability worldwide. Notably, the …

Since their discovery in the mammalian brain, it has been apparent that serotonin (5-HT)
and dopamine (DA) interactions play a key role in normal and abnormal behavior …