Helper T (Th) cell subsets direct immune responses by producing signature cytokines. Th2
cells produce IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, which are important in humoral immunity and protection …

Memory for antigen is a defining feature of adaptive immunity. Antigen-specific lymphocyte
populations show an increase in number and function after antigen encounter and more …

Memory T cells are critical for long-term immunity against reinfection and require interleukin-
7 (IL-7), but the mechanisms by which IL-7 controls memory T cell survival, particularly …

The peripheral mature T cell pool is regulated by complex homeostatic mechanisms. Naive
T cells are maintained by interleukin-7 (IL-7) and T cell receptor (TCR) signaling from …

Abstract Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is produced by stromal cells in lymphoid tissues and is required
for the development of T cells and for their persistence in the periphery. Unlike many other …

Our understanding of the importance of CD4+ T cells in orchestrating immune responses
has grown dramatically over the past decade. This lymphocyte family consists of diverse …

Abstract IL-2, IL-15, and IL-7 are cytokines that are critical for regulating lymphoid
homeostasis. These cytokines stimulate similar responses from lymphocytes in vitro, but play …

CD4+ T cells differentiate into multiple effector types, but it is unclear how they form memory
T cells during infection in vivo. Profiling virus-specific CD4+ T cells revealed that effector …

Beyond midlife, the immune system shows aging features and its defensive capability
becomes impaired, by a process known as immunosenescence that involves many changes …

A hallmark of adaptive immunity is the generation of memory T cells that confer long-lived,
antigen-specific protection against repeat challenges by pathogens,,,,. Understanding the …