In theoretical ecology, predator–prey interaction is a natural phenomenon that significantly
contributes for shaping the community structure and maintaining the ecological diversity. In …

A delayed fractional-order prey–predator system with fear (felt by prey) effect of predator on
prey population incorporating prey refuge has been proposed. We consider a three species …

In almost every ecological system, growth of various interacting species evolve in different
time scales and the implementation of this time scale difference in the corresponding …

The importance of fear, refuge and additional food is being increasingly recognized in recent
studies, but their combined effects need to be explored. In this paper, we investigate the joint …

We study a class of models in which generalist predator utilizes two distinct prey species as
their food sources. Several field data and experiments exhibit that predator may switch it's …

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of a predator–prey system of an ecological
community in which the fear instigated by the predators has an adverse effect on the …

This paper proposes an improved metaheuristic approach of comprehensive learning
marine predator algorithm (CLMPA) to identify the optimal parameters of the supercapacitor …

Our research investigates the dynamic interactions within a predator–prey system,
considering factors like fear, carry-over effects, refuge use, and cooperative hunting. We …

The integration of renewable energy sources in the distribution network (DN) has had a
significant influence by reducing power loss and enhancing network dependability. Aside …

A modified Holling type II (variable predator search rate rather than constant) predator–prey
interaction has been proposed where apart from direct consumption the prey biomass is …