In this paper we review the empirical studies documenting trait‐mediated indirect
interactions (TMIIs) in food webs. Basic models and empirical approaches that form the …

Studies of phenotypic plasticity frequently ask how organisms respond to a change in their
environment, but most organisms do not experience single environmental changes …

This concise, readable introduction to limnology (the science of investigating the structure
and function of inland waters), places the subject in the context of modern ecology. Unlike …

▪ Abstract Food webs are overlaid with infochemical webs that mediate direct and indirect
interactions. The infochemicals may result in shifts in trait values, which affect the strength of …

The influence of predation on rocky intertidal community structure has long emphasized the
importance of indirect interactions. Most efforts in this area have focused on the density …

Background Among higher terrestrial organisms we consider it selfevident that interactions
are not only influenced by visual signals, but that also olfactory and auditory senses are …

The impact of grazing and nutrient supply on epilithic periphyton was investigated in factorial
field experiments in four seasons at three Swedish sites of different productivity and …

Studies on the implications of food web interactions to community structure have often
focused on density‐mediated interactions between predators and their prey. This approach …

Plant‐herbivore interactions mediate the trophic structure of ecosystems. We use a
comprehensive data set extracted from the literature to test the relative explanatory power of …

Empirical results indicate that inducible defenses of plants have effects on herbivore
populations. However, little is known about how inducible defenses of plants have …