Liquid compartments without a surrounding membrane control vital functions and
chemistries in living cells. One subset of droplets regulated by chemical reactions is …

Living cells have long been a source of inspiration for chemists. Their capacity of performing
complex tasks relies on the spatiotemporal coordination of matter and energy fluxes. Recent …

Coacervate microdroplets produced by liquid–liquid phase separation have been used as
synthetic protocells that mimic the dynamical organization of membrane‐free organelles in …

Multivalency-driven liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is essential for biomolecular
condensates to facilitate spatiotemporal regulation of biological functions. Providing …

Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) has emerged as a new paradigm in the fields of soft
matter, colloid chemistry, prebiotic chemistry, and cell biology. As phase separation is a …

There is a fundamental gap between the inherent complexity of biology and the simplicity
that physicists and chemists often seek. In this Perspective, we reason that liquid–liquid …

Optical manipulation has emerged as a pivotal tool in soft matter research, offering superior
applicability, spatiotemporal precision, and manipulation capabilities compared to …

Despite surging interests on liquid-state coacervates and condensates, confinement within
solid-state pores for selective permeation remains an unexplored area. Drawing inspiration …

It is an ongoing endeavor in chemistry and materials science to regulate coacervate droplets
on a physiologically relevant spatiotemporal scale to ultimately match or even surpass living …

Membrane‐free coacervate microdroplets are widely utilized as protocell or membrane‐less
organelle models in the study of cell physicochemical properties. Dynamic regulation of …