Color polymorphism defies evolutionary expectations as striking phenotypic variation is
maintained within a single species. Color and other traits mediate social interactions, and …

The evolution of chemical signals is subject to environmental constraints. A multicomponent
signal may combine semiochemical molecules with supporting compounds able to enhance …

The species-specific components of animal signals can facilitate species recognition and
reduce the risks of mismatching and interbreeding. Nonetheless, empirical evidence for …

Individual recognition (IR) plays an important role in modulating social interactions of
several animal species. IR may work at two fundamental levels: at class-level (CIR), if it …

The leukocyte profile has the potential to be a reliable method to measure health conditions
and stress in wild animals, but limitations occur because current knowledge on reference …

Research on animal colouration has grown exponentially in the last decade thanks to
multidisciplinary approaches. Most studies are focused on trade-offs between …

Chemical communication in terrestrial vertebrates is often built on complex blends, where
semiochemical and structural compounds may form an integrated functional unit. In lizards …

Self-and individual discrimination are needed to maintain social relationships. However the
extent of precision of these abilities may depend on the social strategy of each individual …

Animal communication depends on signals conveying information to a receiver who must
perceive and decode them. Signals involved in territoriality are usually complex stimuli that …

Measuring the abundance of organisms is essential to provide information to ecology and
biodiversity conservation. Hardly ever, the probability of detecting an animal during a survey …