Organoids are in vitro miniaturized and simplified model systems of organs that have gained
enormous interest for modelling tissue development and disease, and for personalized …

The historical reliance of biological research on the use of animal models has sometimes
made it challenging to address questions that are specific to the understanding of human …

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) includes a cluster of highly heterogeneous biliary malignant
tumours that can arise at any point of the biliary tree. Their incidence is increasing globally …

Organotypic models of patient-specific tumours are revolutionizing our understanding of
cancer heterogeneity and its implications for personalized medicine. These advancements …

Adult stem cell–based organoid technology is a versatile tool for the generation and long-
term maintenance of near-native 3D epithelial tissues in vitro. The generation of cancer …

Organoids are simple tissue-engineered cell-based in vitro models that recapitulate many
aspects of the complex structure and function of the corresponding in vivo tissue. They can …

Simple Summary Cell cultures can be carried out in three dimensions (3D). Organoids and
spheroids are different 3D cell culture models that can be cultured with different techniques …

Intratumour heterogeneity (ITH) is a hallmark of cancer that drives tumour evolution and
disease progression. Technological and computational advances have enabled us to …

Lung cancer shows substantial genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity across individuals,
driving a need for personalised medicine. Here, we report lung cancer organoids and …

Cellular interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly govern cancer
progression and drug response. The efficacy of clinical immunotherapies has fostered an …