Basal ganglia disorders are a heterogeneous group of clinical syndromes with a common
anatomic locus within the basal ganglia. To account for the variety of clinical manifestations …

The basal ganglia comprise several nuclei in the forebrain, diencephalon, and midbrain
thought to play a significant role in the control of posture and movement. It is well recognized …

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has provided remarkable benefits for people with a variety of
neurologic conditions. Stimulation of the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus can …

The basal ganglia play a central role in cognition and are involved in such general functions
as action selection and reinforcement learning. Here, we present a model exploring the …

How the motor-related cortical areas modulate the activity of the output nuclei of the basal
ganglia is an important issue for understanding the mechanisms of motor control by the …

The subthalamic nucleus–globus pallidus network plays a central role in basal ganglia
function and dysfunction. To determine whether the relationship between activity in this …

Dopamine deficiency causes disinhibition and overactivity of the subthalamic nucleus (STN).
Output neurons from the STN are excitatory and use glutamate as a neurotransmitter. They …

Tourette's syndrome is a neuropsychiatric syndrome with onset in childhood that is
characterized by chronic multiple tics. The cause of Tourette's syndrome is unknown, but the …

One of the functions of the excitatory subthalamic nucleus (STN) is to relay cortical activity to
other basal ganglia structures. The response of the STN to cortical input is shaped by …

Electrophysiological records of unit activity were used to compare the effects of excitotoxic
pallidal lesions and 6-hydroxydopamine-induced damage to the midbrain dopaminergic …