Uncontrolled cellular proliferation, mediated by dysregulation of the cell-cycle machinery
and activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) to promote cell-cycle progression, lies at …

Cyclins and cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) are important regulatory components
that are required for cell cycle progression. The levels of the cell cycle CDKs are generally …

The p16 INK4a (p16) tumor suppressor gene can be inactivated by promoter region
hypermethylation in many tumor types including lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer …

During tumorigenesis, positive selection is exerted upon those tumor cells that alter rate-
limiting regulatory pathways. A corollary of this principle is that mutation of one gene …

In late 1993 and early 1994, two distinct lines of research converged on a new tumor
suppressor gene located on human chromosome 9p21. The órst report was of the existence …

Despite the promise of using DNA markers for the early detection of cancer, none has
proven universally applicable to the most common and lethal forms of human malignancy …

The p16 protein (p16) is a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor that decelerates the cell
cycle by inactivating the CDKs that phosphorylate retinoblastoma (Rb) protein. Recent …

The retinoblastoma tumour suppressor (RB) is a crucial regulator of cell-cycle progression
that is invoked in response to a myriad of anti-mitogenic signals. It has been hypothesized …

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the US with survival restricted to a
subset of those patients able to undergo surgical resection. However, even with surgery …

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated transcription
factor belonging to the steroid receptor superfamily. It is a key regulator of adipogenic …