The presence of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is implicated in the pathogenesis of a number
of medical conditions; however, the subject remains controversial and no official statements …

Background: Cryptogenic stroke accounts for 30% to 40% of ischemic stroke. It is essential
to determine the possible culprit because this will improve secondary stroke prevention …

Background The efficacy of closure of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) in the prevention of
recurrent stroke after cryptogenic stroke is uncertain. We investigated the effect of PFO …

Importance Recent epidemiologic and therapeutic advances have transformed
understanding of the role of and therapeutic approach to patent foramen ovale (PFO) in …

Background The comparative effectiveness of percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale
(PFO) plus medical therapy versus medical therapy alone for cryptogenic stroke is uncertain …

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is the most common congenital heart abnormality of fetal origin
and is present in approximately∼ 25% of the worldwide adult population. PFO is the …

Background In patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO)–associated stroke, the presence of
large shunt or atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) has been suggested to convey a high risk of …

PFOs can be detected by transthoracic echocardiography, TEE, or transcranial Doppler
ultrasound (TCD). Of these tests, transthoracic echocardiography is the least sensitive …

Objective Patent foramen ovale (PFO) can be detected in up to 43% of patients with
cryptogenic cerebral ischemia undergoing investigation with transesophageal …

A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a highly prevalent finding in cryptogenic ischaemic stroke,
particularly in young adults. A common challenge in clinical practice is to distinguish …