Extracellular vesicles are produced by species across all domains of life, suggesting that
vesiculation represents a fundamental principle of living matter. In Gram-negative bacteria …

Bacteria acquire novel DNA through horizontal gene transfer (HGT), a process that enables
an organism to rapidly adapt to changing environmental conditions, provides a competitive …

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major problems in current practical medicine. The
spread of genes coding for resistance determinants among bacteria challenges the use of …

Most bacteria release membrane vesicles (MVs) that contain specific cargo molecules and
have diverse functions, including the transport of virulence factors, DNA transfer, interception …

Biofilms in water environments are thought to be hot spots for horizontal gene transfer (HGT)
of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). ARGs can be spread via HGT, though mechanisms …

Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) of Gram-negative bacteria are spherical membrane-
enclosed entities of endocytic origin. Reported in the consortia of different bacterial species …

Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical buds of the outer membrane filled with
periplasmic content and are commonly produced by Gram-negative bacteria. The production …

Since the first genome-scale comparisons, it has been evident that the genomes of many
species are unbound by strict vertical descent: Large differences in gene content can occur …

Extracellular vesicles such as exosomes, microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, and large
oncosomes have been shown to participate in a wide variety of biological processes and are …

This review focuses on nonlytic outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), a subtype of bacterial
extracellular vesicles (BEVs) produced by Gram-negative organisms focusing on the …