Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular programme that is known to be crucial
for embryogenesis, wound healing and malignant progression. During EMT, cell–cell and …

It is well established that multifactorial drug resistance hinders successful cancer treatment.
Tumor cell interactions with the tumor microenvironment (TME) are crucial in epithelial …

Radiotherapy (RT) is a modality of oncologic treatment that can be used to treat
approximately 50% of all cancer patients either alone or in combination with other treatment …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global pandemic which has induced …

Chemoresistance is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer and it continues to
be a challenge in cancer treatment. Chemoresistance is influenced by genetic and …

The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in tumor initiation and progression by
creating a dynamic interaction with cancer cells. The tumor microenvironment consists of …

The niche concept was originally developed to describe the location of normal neural stem
cells (NSCs) in the subependymal layer of the sub-ventricular zone. In this paper, its …

Background Gastric cancer is one of the major causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide.
Most of patients presenting with inoperable gastric cancers rely on systemic chemotherapy …

Background Tumors contain a functional subpopulation of cells that exhibit stem cell
properties. These cells, named cancer stem cells (CSCs), play significant roles in the …

Background Ipilimumab is a licensed immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma patients and,
in the US, as adjuvant treatment for high risk melanoma radically resected. The use of …