The'silent epidemic'of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been placed in the spotlight as a result
of clinical investigations and popular press coverage of athletes and veterans with single or …

As the major cellular component of the innate immune system in the central nervous system
(CNS) and the first line of defense whenever injury or disease occurs, microglia play a …

Chronic neuroinflammation with sustained microglial activation occurs following severe
traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is believed to contribute to subsequent neurodegeneration …

Background Local and systemic inflammatory responses are initiated early after traumatic
brain injury (TBI), and may play a key role in the secondary injury processes resulting in …

Activated microglia and macrophages exert dual beneficial and detrimental roles after
central nervous system injury, which are thought to be due to their polarization along a …

Background Microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory response following traumatic brain
injury (TBI) is considered as a vital secondary injury factor, which drives trauma-induced …

It has long been suggested that prior traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases the subsequent
incidence of chronic neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major risk factor for the development of multiple
neurodegenerative diseases. With respect to the increasing prevalence of TBI, new …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in young adults
worldwide. TBI survival is associated with persistent neuropsychiatric and neurological …

Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), activation of microglia and peripherally derived
inflammatory macrophages occurs in association with tissue damage. This …