Respiratory viruses are opportunistic pathogens that infect the upper respiratory tract in
humans and cause severe illnesses, especially in vulnerable populations. Some viruses …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most frequent chronic inflammatory disease of the CNS, and
imposes major burdens on young lives. Great progress has been made in understanding …

In addition to amyloid-β plaque and tau neurofibrillary tangle deposition, neuroinflammation
is considered a key feature of Alzheimer's disease pathology. Inflammation in Alzheimer's …

Recent evidence indicates synaptic dysfunction as an early mechanism affected in
neuroinflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, which are characterized by chronic …

There is a broad consensus that multiple sclerosis (MS) represents more than an
inflammatory disease: it harbors several characteristic aspects of a classical …

The occurrence of cognitive disturbances upon CNS inflammation or infection has been
correlated with increased levels of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). To date …

Fine control of neuronal activity is crucial to rapidly adjust to subtle changes of the
environment. This fine tuning was thought to be purely neuronal until the discovery that …

Cytokines are constitutively released in the healthy brain by resident myeloid cells to keep
proper synaptic plasticity, either in the form of Hebbian synaptic plasticity or of homeostatic …

Growing evidence from cerebrospinal fluid samples and post-mortem brain tissue from
individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) and rodent models indicates that the meninges have …

Microglia are highly plastic immune cells which exist in a continuum of activation states. By
shaping the function of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), the brain cells which …