Improvements in the spray application of plant protection products enhance agricultural
sustainability by reducing environmental contamination, but by increasing food quality and …

BACKGROUND Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are a recently developed aerial spraying
technology. However, the effect of spray volume variation on deposition and pesticide …

Authorities around the world have committed to limiting the use of chemical pesticides by
reducing doses, among other strategies. Nevertheless, different dose expression models …

This review outlines the background and current status of different dose expressions of plant
protection products (PPP) applied in three-dimensional (3D) crops that are grown in …

The pulse width modulation (PWM) spray system is the most advanced technology to obtain
variable rate spray application without varying the operative sprayer parameters (eg spray …

Pulse width modulation (PWM) technology is recently introduced into orchard air-blast
sprayers to achieve precision applications of plant protection products and reduce risks to …

Small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been widely used in different aspects of
modern farming management, including pest and disease control in China in recent years …

Extensive research has been conducted on plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)
chemical application technology in recent years owing to its importance as a means of pest …

Implementation of precision agriculture aerial applications using unmanned aerial vehicles
(UAVs) represents a pivotal technological aspect in precision agriculture. However, current …

California red scale Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell)(Hemiptera: Diaspididae) is a worldwide
citrus key pest. One of the control strategies currently promoted in the Mediterranean basin …