Multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) are autoimmune demyelinating
diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), having distinct immunological and …

Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite involved in many
critical cell processes. It is produced by the phosphorylation of sphingosine by sphingosine …

Sphingolipids, which are components of cellular membranes and organ tissues, can be
synthesized or degraded to modulate cellular responses according to environmental cues …

Summary Endolysosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play crucial roles in immune responses
to pathogens, while aberrant activation of these pathways is associated with autoimmune …

The past two decades of intense research have revealed a key role of the sphingolipid
molecule sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) in regulating multiple physiological and …

Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) is a transcription factor (TF) and key regulator of immune
cell development and function. We report a recurrent heterozygous mutation in IRF4, p …

Follicular B (FoB) and marginal zone B (MZB) cells are functionally and spatially distinct
mature B cell populations in the spleen, originating from a Notch2-dependent fate decision …

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and S1P receptors (S1PRs) regulate migration of
lymphocytes out of thymus to blood and lymph nodes (LNs) to efferent lymph, whereas their …

Background Sphingosine-one phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulation inhibits S1PR1-
mediated lymphocyte migration, lesion formation and positively-impacts on active multiple …

Innate immune deficiencies are a heterogeneous group of genetically inherited diseases
affecting the innate and adaptive immune systems that confer susceptibility to infection …