The past century has been characterized by intensive efforts, within both academia and the
pharmaceutical industry, to introduce new treatments to individuals with rheumatic …

The treatment of wounds is a serious problem all over the world and imposes a huge
financial burden on each and every nation. For a long time, researchers have explored …

Cyclosporine is an immunomodulatory drug used to treat an increasing spectrum of
diseases in dogs. Cyclosporine is a calcineurin inhibitor, ultimately exerting its inhibitory …

Osteoarthritis (OA), a common musculoskeletal disorder, is projected to affect about 60
million people of total world population by 2020. The associated pain and disability impair …

Partition coefficient (log P) is a key physicochemical characteristic of lipophilic drugs which
plays a significant role in formulation development for oral administration. Lipid-based …

Cyclosporine A (CYA) belongs to calcineurin inhibitor family, which has the ability to
selectively suppress T cells. Owing to its immune‐modulatory effects, it had been in use for …

Asiaticoside (AC) is a naturally occurring phytoconstituent that aids in wound healing by
stimulating collagen biosynthesis. However, the physical properties of AC, such as its high …

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is a physiologically relevant
approach that integrates drug-specific and system parameters to generate pharmacokinetic …

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a highly important transcription factor involved in cell
metabolism. HIF-1α promotes glycolysis and inhibits of mitochondrial respiration in …

Background The extents of generic-reference and generic-generic average bioequivalence
and intra-subject variation of on-market drug products have not been prospectively studied …